A-Surface. In the automobile industry, car parts are described as having two surfaces, and A-surface, and a B-surface. The A-surface is the side of the part that will be facing outwards, when the part is installed on the car. The B-surface is the side that will face inwards. Stickers, labels, and identification marks can be applied to the B-surface of the part, but not the A-surface.
Artificial Desires. Desires created by advertising. Communists denounced the capitalist practice of advertising as a way of creating artificial desires.
Artificial Scarcity. The practice of deliberately creating a shortage of a commodity,so the price of the commodity will increase. For example,if farmers burn half of their crops,the remaining half of the crops may be sold at a much higher price to people who are desperate for food. Car manufacturers create artificial scarcity of gasoline by making cars that waste gasoline.
Atomic Bombs. Atomic bombs are the most destructive weapons in the world. A single atomic bomb can kill a million people, or more, if it is detonated on a large city. The explosive reaction in an atomic bomb takes place at the atomic level, rather than the molecular level, hence the name 'atomic' bomb. In a conventional bomb, that contains dynamite, molecules of dynamite break apart and the molecular bonds release energy when they break. In an atomic bomb it's atoms, instead of molecules, splitting, to release energy. The first atomic bomb was made by the U.S.A. in 1945 and was detonated in a desert in New Mexico. Several days later, another atomic bomb was detonated on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. Several days later, a second atomic bomb was detonated on the city of Nagasaki, Japan. The bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the only atomic bombs used to kill human beings during warfare.
Since 1945, several other countries have developed and tested atomic bombs. In August, 1949 the U.S.S.R. tested an atomic bomb. In October, 1952 Britain tested an atomic bomb. In February, 1960 France tested an atomic bomb. In October, 1964 China tested an atomic bomb. In May, 1974 India tested an atomic bomb, and in May, 1998, Pakistan tested an atomic bomb.
